Paul Andersen explains how the average value of the electric field can be determined by dividing the potential difference by the displacement. Equipotential lines can be used to determine the potential in an electric field and the displacement can be measured.

This edition of the OpenStax Astronomy text has been edited by Douglas College’s Jennifer Kirkey (to whom my thanks go for help in transitioning to OpenStax) to include references to Canadian astronomers as well as the contributions of our First Nations. I am open to your comments and suggestions regarding the textbook. Because it is open source, it can be edited and updated to suit your needs and wishes.

College Physics is organized such that topics are introduced conceptually with a steady progression to precise definitions and analytical applications. The analytical aspect (problem solving) is tied back to the conceptual before moving on to another topic. Each introductory chapter, for example, opens with an engaging photograph relevant to the subject of the chapter and interesting applications that are easy for most students to visualize.

Students follow the steps of the engineering design process as they design and construct balloons for aerial surveillance. After their first attempts to create balloons, they are given the associated Estimating Buoyancy lesson to learn about volume, buoyancy and density to help them iterate more successful balloon designs.Applying their newfound knowledge, the young engineers build and test balloons that fly carrying small flip cameras that capture aerial images of their school. Students use the aerial footage to draw maps and estimate areas.

Barium meals (barium sulfate, not toxic barium) are among the topics in our updated video about the element Barium. This video is one of the 118 clips included in the periodic table of elements themed collection created by Brady Haran and the University of Nottingham in the UK.

Students hypothesize whether vinegar and ammonia-based glass cleaner are acids or bases. They create designs on index cards using these substances as invisible inks. After the index cards have dried, they apply red cabbage juice as an indicator to reveal the designs.

Students learn the basics of acid/base chemistry in a fun, interactive way by studying instances of acid/base chemistry found in popular films such as Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban and National Treasure. Students learn what acids, bases and indicators are and how they can be used, including invisible ink. They also learn how engineers use acids and bases every day to better our quality of life. Students' interest is piqued by the use of popular culture in the classroom.

In the master-equation formalism, a set of differential equations describe the time-evolution of the probability distribution of an ensemble of systems. This can be used, for example, to describe the varied mRNA copy numbers found in individual cells in a population.

The stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA, Kinetic Monte Carlo, Gillespie algorithm) produces an example trajectory for a particular member of a probabilistic ensemble by looping over the following steps. The current state of the system is used to determine the likelihood of each possible chemical reaction in relative comparison to the likelihoods for the other possible reactions, as well as to determine when the next reaction is expected. Pseudo-random numbers are drawn to "roll the dice" to determine exactly when the next reaction will proceed, and which kind of reaction it will happen to be.

The resource, "Battery Sizing Activity Student Handout" included in "Lesson 1 Batteries and Energy Storage" is a part of "Unit 09 Energy Storage" included in Energy & Sustainability ES - Course 3

These Pre-Chemistry online modules are designed to function as chemistry preparation for first year chemistry students. It is particularly useful for students who, for various reasons, are otherwise not confident in their preparation for first year university level chemistry. However, the module can be used as a practical and valuable review for all students. The module focuses on the development of fundamental numeracy and problem solving skills that are widely applicable to students in a variety of first year chemistry courses including those directed to students in life science, engineering and natural and physical sciences. These modules function effectively in both online, hybrid or even as preparation for entirely traditionally delivered courses.

Paul Andersen explains how beats are created through interference of waves with similar frequencies. The changes in amplitude are caused by destructive and constructive interference. The frequency of beats is equal to the difference in frequency of the two waves.

Mr. Andersen explains the basics of balancing chemical equations. A visual guide shows you how to change coefficients to balance the atoms in reactants and products.

How did everything get started? Has the universe a beginning or was it here since forever? Well, evidence suggests that there was indeed a starting point to this universe we are part of right now. But how can this be? How can something come from nothing? And what about time? We don't have all the answers yet so let's talk about what we know. The video "The Beginning of Everything - The Big Bang" is a resource included in the Physics topic made available from the Kurzgesagt open educational resource series.

No prizes for guessing what Berkelium is named after. This video is one of the 118 clips included in the periodic table of elements themed collection created by Brady Haran and the University of Nottingham in the UK.

Paul Andersen explains how Bernoulli's Equation describes the conservation of energy in a fluid. The equation describes the pressure energy, potential energy, and kinetic energy of a fluid at a single point. A sample problem illustrating the fact that as the velocity of a fluid increases the pressure energy decreases.