The 2014 Russia–Ukraine conflict has transformed relations between Russia and the West into what many are calling a new cold war. The West has slowly come to understand that Russia’s annexations and interventions, interference in elections, cyber warfare, disinformation, assassinations in Europe and support for anti-EU populists emerge from Vladimir Putin’s belief that Russia is at war with the West. This book shows that the crisis has deep roots in Russia’s inability to come to terms with an independent Ukrainian state, Moscow’s view of the Orange and Euromaidan revolutions as Western conspiracies and, finally, its inability to understand that most Russian-speaking Ukrainians do not want to rejoin Russia. In Moscow’s eyes, Ukraine is central to rebuilding a sphere of influence within the former Soviet space and to re-establishing Russia as a great power. The book shows that the wide range of ‘hybrid’ tactics that Russia has deployed show continuity with the actions of the Soviet-era security services.

This thought experiment, based on an essay by Professor Thomas Nagel, Philosopher at New York University, encourages students to question the morality of intervention. Professor Nagel attempted to liberate a spider he found living in a urinal from it is seemingly terrible living situation, only to find it dead the next day. Wracked with guilt, he began to question his decision. Should he have moved the spider? What would you have done?

The video resource "Stages of Family Life: Crash Course Sociology #38" is included in the "Sociology" course from the resources series of "Crash Course". Crash Course is a educational video series from John and Hank Green.

State and local government are the most visible levels of government in the United States. As you leave your family house, apartment, or school dormitory you encounter state and local government services, programs and infrastructure. From traffic lights, streets and highways, water and sewer services, K-12 education, higher education, parks, mass transit, law enforcement, utilities, communications and mass media, and many other activities, state and local governments are either directly involved in offering these services or in regulating organizations hired to provide such services. From the 50 states to the 3,031 county, 19,519 municipal, 16,360 town or township, and 51,146 special purpose governments (which could include school, hospital districts, rural fire districts, soil conservation districts, irrigation districts, regional transportation districts, and many more), the typical citizen encounters state and local government services and programs on a daily basis.

No matter what you’re doing--solving homework, playing a video game, simply picking out a shirt--all of your actions and decisions relate to your consciousness. But as frequently as we use it, have you ever stopped to ask yourself: What really is consciousness? In this module, we discuss the different levels of consciousness and how they can affect your behavior in a variety of situations. As well, we explore the role of consciousness in other, “altered” states like hypnosis and sleep.

Sticks and Stones was written for budding facilitators and professionals alike. It is intended to provide some ideas and prompt the reader to explore their strengths and create their own activities!

This book, revised as the Third Edition July 2019, is designed to teach contract doctrine beginning with the most fundamental concepts and building on these until the structure of contract doctrine as coherent and cohesive regulation appears. The order of presentation is, in fact, the order in which contract doctrine developed historically, but it is also, in general, the order in which arguments are introduced in litigation.

The book begins with the most basic, core concept of contract law—exchange. The book teaches exchange using simple cases drawn from the actual development of the exchange concept’s most obvious manifestation—the doctrine of consideration. These cases have basic but engaging facts. They do not take long to read, but they must be read carefully. They make an excellent introduction to law study.

Logically, every doctrine of contract formation is centered on whether and when a fair exchange occurred. In litigation, the plaintiff alleges a promise and consideration—an exchange (a plausible one, and therefore fair enough at that point). Defenses to formation are a response to the allegation that a fair exchange occurred. Allegations of both promise and consideration show that the defendant assented. As between assent and exchange, exchange is the more fundamental concept, but because the law talks so often about assent, assent is covered at length afterward so that the function of the assent doctrines is apparent.

Other doctrines, such as remedies (just an introduction in this first volume), waiver, seals, the Statute of Frauds, definiteness, and general public policy limitations are placed where students can best grasp their import in the context of the other doctrines.

Along the way, most of the doctrines in the book are repeated in the cases, questions, or in class discussion. This repetition cements understanding, builds trust, and also allows students to see how the doctrines mesh together to regulate coherently.

This book is intended for use in the first three-credit half of a six-credit course.

This book is a companion volume to Volume I, "The Story of Contract Law: Formation." Volume I introduces students to law study and teaches basic doctrines of contract formation along with formation defenses. This book, Volume II, The Story of Contract Law: Implementing the Bargain, covers the rest of basic contract doctrine, namely, laws that
1) determine the content of the bargain (plain meaning, usage and custom, good faith, mistake in transmission, parol evidence, and express and constructive conditions);
2) govern the effect of events that occur after formation (impracticability, frustration, failure of consideration, and risk of loss);
3) set remedies—rescission, damages, specific performance—available to courts when liability exists; and
4) establish the rights of third parties in contracts by assignment or delegation or as third-party beneficiaries.

This book includes many classic teaching cases and introduces new ones. The book also includes many problems, most based on actual cases. The book takes especial care with the doctrine of concurrent conditions, a common-law rule adopted in the late 1700s that required doctrinal readjustment across all the law governing contract performance and remedies.

This volume also continues several themes from Volume I. Volume II continues to tie rules to contract law’s central structural idea, that of fair exchange. Also, to the extent helpful to student understanding, Volume II explains doctrines in part through their chronological development. The book introduces the doctrines in the order best conducive to students’ understanding contract law as a regulatory whole; for this volume, it is the order in which the doctrines arise in litigation. Finally, where possible, this volume repeats ideas at helpful points and suggests ties between doctrines so that the structural coherence of contract doctrine becomes easier to understand.

The video resource "The Structure & Cost of US Health Care: Crash Course Sociology #44" is included in the "Sociology" course from the resources series of "Crash Course". Crash Course is a educational video series from John and Hank Green.

The video resource "Structure of the Court System: Crash Course Government and Politics #19" is included in the "U.S. Government and Politics" course from the resources series of "Crash Course". Crash Course is a educational video series from John and Hank Green.

According to Professor Aeon Skoble of Bridgewater State University, the word “value” has very different meanings for economists and philosophers. Economists view value as subjective to reflect individual tastes and preferences. Philosophers, on the other hand, use the term objectively, to refer to concepts such as rights. In this video, Professor Skoble explains how these different conceptions actually compliment each other.

The video resource "Supreme Court of the United States Procedures: Crash Course Government and Politics #20" is included in the "U.S. Government and Politics" course from the resources series of "Crash Course". Crash Course is a educational video series from John and Hank Green.

Anthropologists attempt to answer the question of what it means to be human. In a sense, we all –do” anthropology because it is rooted in a universal human characteristic, curiosity. We are curious about ourselves and other people_ including the living and the dead. This course provides an introduction to the anthropological approach to the study of humans. It is a survey course that introduces anthropology as a four-field discipline, encompassing biological anthropology, archaeology, linguistics, and cultural anthropology. Aspiring to a holistic understanding of what it means to be human, anthropology is at the intersection of the humanities and the sciences, the most scientific of the humanities and the most humanistic of the sciences.The course begins with a basis in evolutionary theory and human variation. With this foundation, we will explore primate behavior and the fossil record to develop a better understanding of human evolution. We will discuss the archaeological record of early civilizations, the origins and use of language, and the concept of culture in the development of human societies, both extinct and extant. This class will also highlight the epistemological development of the field of anthropology and how religion, culture, and the scientific process pertains to the discipline of anthropology.

This is a syllabus for a course in Issues in Law Enforcement, a criminal justice course. The curriculum is a public interest technology course in cybersecurity. Principally, the federal government handles cybersecurity investigations along with some state governments and the FBI acts as the center for all cybersecurity complaints.

The course expands beyond law enforcement and provides a comprehensive background to the field through the following presentations: a history of cybersecurity; an explanation of the Internet; an introduction to cybercrime and cybersecurity techniques; the legal environment, which includes a survey of law enforcement and prosecution departments and agencies, and federal and NY state criminal, civil and privacy laws; a case (Silk Road Market) about a darknet market which demonstrates federal law enforcement in action; and the concept that cybersecurity is an enormous challenge to law enforcement.

The course provides two types of student activities:

(i) Service learning project in which students present about how to prevent yourself from being hacked; and

(ii) Group assignments in which students choose and analyze four types of current cybersecurity cases as a team by answering questions posed by the professor which is presented to the class as a whole.

The video resource "Symbols, Values & Norms: Crash Course Sociology #10" is included in the "Sociology" course from the resources series of "Crash Course". Crash Course is a educational video series from John and Hank Green.

Since its reorganisation in the 1990s, the English School has emerged as a popular theoretical lens through which to examine global events. Those who use the approach promote it as a middle way of theorising due to its ability to incorporate features from both systemic and domestic perspectives into one coherent lens. This volume, now in its second edition, brings together some of the most important voices on the English School to highlight the multifaceted nature of the School’s applications in International Relations.

Comment les universités africaines peuvent-elles contribuer à la mise en place de systèmes d’information qui offrent aux gestionnaires locaux des outils leur permettant de soutenir leur plan de développement, de prendre des décisions statistiquement motivées et de procéder au suivi-évaluation des actions mises en œuvre?

The video resource "Theories About Family & Marriage: Crash Course Sociology #37" is included in the "Sociology" course from the resources series of "Crash Course". Crash Course is a educational video series from John and Hank Green.

Theories and Biological Basis of Substance Misuse Part 1 (2019) is an OER coursebook applying a biopsychosocial lens for educating an interdisciplinary professional workforce to identify, understand, and address problems related to substance use, substance misuse, and substance use disorders. These materials were developed using a variety of published sources and online materials (NIH, NIAAA, NIDA, SAMHSA, WHO) and the Routledge Handbook of Social Work and Addictive Behavior (2020), edited by A.L. Begun and M.M. Murray. A total of 6 modules are presented in this Part 1 coursebook; an additional 7 modules specific to different types of substances, co-occurring problems, prescription and over-the-counter substance misuse, and pharmacotherapy strategies appear in Theories and Biological Basis of Substance Misuse Part 2 (2020). Each module begins with a brief introduction of the topic and list of reading objectives and concludes with a Module Summary, a linked “Key Terms” section, and full reference citations list. Content for each module is organized into a set of chapters, some of which involve linking to outside reading resources, and various “Stop and Think” interactive activities. The coursebook can be used interactively in the online environment, or can be downloaded as pdf files but the learning activities will no longer be interactive. The coursebook contents are relevant for social work, psychology, sociology, criminal justice, medicine/nursing/allied health, education, and other professional or disciplinary education purposes. An example course syllabus for use in social work education is presented as an Appendix. Modules presented in Theories and Biological Basis of Substance Misuse Part 1 include: Module 1—Introduction; Module 2—Key Definitions, Diagnostic Criteria, Classification of Substances, & Trending Topics; Module 3—Biological Models and Substance Misuse, Pharmacokinetics & Psychopharmacology Principles; Module 4—Psychological Models of Substance Misuse; Module 5—Social Context & Physical Environment Models of Substance Misuse; Module 6—Theory Integration, Transtheoretical Model, and Vulnerability/Risk/Resilience/Protective Factors in Substance Misuse.

The video resource "Theories of Gender: Crash Course Sociology #33" is included in the "Sociology" course from the resources series of "Crash Course". Crash Course is a educational video series from John and Hank Green.