Learn how to use three lab values (Sodium, glucose, and BUN) to approximate your plasma osmolarity. Rishi is a pediatric infectious disease physician and works at Khan Academy.

An introduction to what cancer is and how it is the by-product of broken DNA replication

Paul Andersen answers the very simple question: What is cancer? He explains how damage to the DNA can create uncontrolled cell growth. He explains how malignant tumors can spread the disease throughout the body and gives possible treatments.

Dr. Andy Connolly of Stanford Medical School shows us what cancerous colon tissue looks like

Paul Andersen begins by explaining the structure and purpose of carbohydrates. He describes and gives examples of monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharide and polysaccharides. He explains how they grow through dehydration reactions and shrink through hydrolysis.

Carl Sagan reviews a mail-order mini ecosystem. The resource, "Carl Sagan - Review of the Ecosphere" included in "Lesson 2 Small World Scaling Sustainability" is a part of "Unit 02 Introduction to Science and Engineering Methods" included in Energy & Sustainability ES - Course 1.

This "Carrier Proteins" learning object is the from the Sumanas resource series. Sumanas offers a robust selection of content and services that are directed at enhancing the learning experience.

The National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) is an industry, state, and federal partnership that has long played a central role in bettering the health of US poultry and improving the competitiveness of the US poultry and egg industries.[1] The objective of this communication is to report the findings of a case study of the NPIP undertaken in 2018. The primary aims of the study included seeking a more in-depth understanding of the NPIP, clarifying how NPIP differs from and complements the Secure Food Supply Plans for the US poultry and egg industries, and assessing the needs and potential applications for establishing a similar program for the US pork industry (e.g., “US Swine Health Improvement Plan”).

Find out how the flu spreads from person to person, and who is at the greatest risk of getting complications of the flu. Rishi is a pediatric infectious disease physician and works at Khan Academy. These videos do not provide medical advice and are for informational purposes only. The videos are not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read or seen in any Khan Academy video.

Paul Andersen discusses cell communication. He begins by explaining how he communicates with other individuals using various forms of electronic communication. He them explains how cells communicate when the distance between them is big, small, and zero. He explains how antigen presenting cells pass information on antigen structure by touching in the immune response.

Paul Andersen explains how the cell cycle is used to create new cells. The creation of identical diploid daughter cells, through mitosis, is described. The creation of unique haploid daughter cells, through meiosis is also described.

Paul Andersen explains how cells duplicate through the process of cell division. Prokaryotic cells (like bacteria) duplicate through a process of binary fission. Eukaryotic cells (like you) duplicate body cells through mitosis and create sex cells through meiosis.

This "Cell Fractionation" learning object is the from the Sumanas resource series. Sumanas offers a robust selection of content and services that are directed at enhancing the learning experience.

Paul Andersen gives you a brief introduction to the cell membrane. He starts by describing amphipathic nature of a phospholipid and how it assembles into a membrane. He gives an overview of the fluid mosaic model inside cells. He also discusses the movement of material across a membrane and the role of proteins in movement and function.

Students color-code a schematic of a cell and its cell membrane structures. Then they complete the "Build-a-Membrane" activity found at http://learn.genetics.utah.edu. This reinforces their understanding of the structure and function of animal cells, and shows them the importance of being able to construct a tangible model of something that is otherwise difficult to see.

Students learn about the different structures that comprise cell membranes, fulfilling part of the Research and Revise stages of the legacy cycle. They view online animations of cell membrane dynamics (links provided). Then they observe three teacher demonstrations that illustrate diffusion and osmosis concepts, as well as the effect of movement through a semi-permeable membrane using Lugol's solution.

Paul Andersen explains how cells are selectively permeable with the help of their cell membrane. The main constituents of the cell membrane, including cholesterol, glycolipids, glycoproteins, phospholipids, and proteins are included. The fluid mosaic model is also illustrated. The cell wall in plants, bacteria, and fungi is also discussed.

Paul Andersen describes the structure and function of the major organelles in a eukaryotic cell. The endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and golgi complex produce and store proteins in the cell. Lysosomes dissolve broken and invasive material. Vacuole store material in plant cells.

Paul Andersen covers the processes of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration. He starts with a brief description of the two processes. He then describes the important parts of the mitochondria. He explains how energy is transferred to ATP through the processes of glycolysis, the Kreb cycle and the Electron Transport Chain.