In this video Paul Andersen explains how a spontaneous process may take either the thermodynamically controlled or the kinetic controlled pathway. If the activation energy determines the path taken then the process is under kinetic control. This accounts for the variation if products from a similar reaction at different temperatures.

Paul Andersen explains how the macroscopic measure of temperature can be related to the average kinetic energy of molecules in motion. The Boltzmann constant and distribution can be used to calculate the root mean square velocity for the sample.

Paul Andersen explains how Kirchhoff's Junction Rule can be applied to series and parallel circuits. Kirchhoff's Junction Rule is an application of the conservation of charge. The current into a junction will always equal the current out of a junction.

Paul Andersen explains how Kirchoff's Loop Rule can be used to calculate the voltage of different components of a circuit. The sum voltage throughout an entire loop will sum to zero following the law of conservation of energy. An analogy and several examples are included.

Paul Andersen explains how land is developed for human use. Urbanization has occurred through the last century as people have moved to cities in large numbers. Transportation and the arrival of the car have led to urban sprawl and urban blight.

Mr. Andersen explains the law of superposition and the principle of original horizontality. He uses an animation to explain how rock layers can accumulate over time.

Paul Andersen explains how Le Chatelier's Principle can be used to predict the effect of disturbances to equilibrium.  When a reversible reaction is at equilibrium disturbances (in concentration, temperature, pressure, etc.) will be offset to reach a new equilibrium.  For examples when more reactants are added the reaction will move to the right to reestablish the equilibrium constant.

Paul Andersen explains how ray diagrams for lenses can be used to determine the size and location of a refracted image. Images may be either real or virtual images. Ray diagrams for converging and diverging lenses are included.

In this video Paul Andersen explains how you can use Lewis Diagrams and VSEPR Models to make predictions about molecules. The Lewis diagrams are a two-dimensional representations of covalent bonds and the VSEPR models show how the molecule could exist in three dimensional space.

Paul Andersen describes how free energy is used by organisms to grow, maintain order, and reproduce. A brief discussion of the first and second law of thermodynamics is also included.

Mr. Andersen describes visible light while discussing the electromagnetic spectrum. A simple description of the eye, optical illusions and lights are also included.

Paul Andersen explains how light can be absorbed, reflected, or transmitted as it moves from one medium to another. The reflection of different wavelengths creates the perceived color of an object. Absorbed light is converted to energy and transmitted light moves through the material.

In this video Paul Andersen explains why light is important in probing matter. Light travels in photons and the energy of individual photons is determined by Planck's equation. Infrared spectroscopy is useful in detecting the vibrations within a molecule and can therefore give more information on the bond types.

Mr. Andersen explains the concept of a limiting reactant (or a limiting reagent) in a chemical reaction. He also shows you how to calculate the limiting reactant and the percent yield in a chemical reaction.

Paul Andersen explains how the linear momentum is equal to the product of the mass of an object and the velocity of the center of mass. He uses video analysis software to calculate the velocity of an object and therefore the linear momentum of the object.

Paul Andersen explains how linear momentum is conserved in all collisions. In completely elastic collisions the kinetic energy of the objects is also maintained. Several examples and demonstrations are included.

In this video Paul Andersen describes the lipids (of the fats). He explains how they are an important source of energy but are also required to cell membranes. He explains how the hydrocarbon tails in triglycerides contain energy available for life. He also explains how phospholipids construct, and cholesterol molecules main the cell membrane.

Paul Andersen explains how populations eventually reach a carrying capacity in logistic growth. He begins with a brief discussion of population size ( N ), growth rate ( r ) and exponential growth. He then explains how density dependent limiting factors eventually decrease the growth rate until a population reaches a carrying capacity ( K ).

In this video Paul Andersen describes the positive force intermolecular forces found between all atoms and molecules. As electrons are distributed unevenly it creates instantaneous dipoles which hold molecules together. This force even holds uncharged atoms (like Noble gases) together.

Paul Andersen explains how biodiversity measures the variety of genes, species, and ecosystems on the planet. Biodiversity provides resources and ecosystem services for humans on the planet. He also explains how biodiversity is decreasing on the planet due to habitat destruction, invasive species, climate change, over harvesting, and pollution.