In this video Paul Andersen explains how equilibrium is achieved in a reversible reaction.  When the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction the system is at equilibrium.  Graphical analysis of equilibrium is included along with a walkthrough of several calculations.

Paul Andersen defines the equilibrium constant (K) and explains how it can be calculated in various reversible reactions.  The equilibrium constant is a ratio of the concentration of the products to the concentration of the reactants.  If the K value is less than one the reaction will move to the left and if the K value is greater than one the reaction will move to the right.

In this video Paul Andersen explains how disturbances to a reversible reaction at equilibrium affect the equilibrium constant and the reaction quotient.  For example if the concentration is changed the reaction will move to reestablish the equilibrium constant.  If the temperature is changed a new equilibrium constant will be established.

Paul Andersen explains how equipotential lines show equal electric potential in an electric field. Equipotential lines can be created from scalar values or by observing the electric field lines. An charged object can move along a equipotential line without doing any work.

Paul Andersen explains how inertial mass and gravitational mass are equivalent. He shows you too simple methods for calculated individual inertial mass and gravitational mass. Albert Einstein used this principle to build his general theory of relativity.

Paul Andersen describes three main characteristics of life that are conserved in all organisms on the planet. The universal genetic code, the central dogma of biology, and shared metabolic pathways give us details of the original universal ancestor.

Paul Andersen discusses the defining characteristics of the members of Domain Eukarya. He starts with a brief description of the phylogeny of life on earth. He then discusses the major characteristics of eukaryotic cells. He explains how eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells using endosymbiosis and infolding.

Paul Andersen lists major evidence for the existence of evolution. He begins with a discussion of Charles Darwin and the evidence that he presented in the Origin of Species, including biogeography, fossils, and homologies. He also explains how DNA evidence can be used to trace evolutionary history.

Paul Andersen describes pieces of evidence that Charles Darwin used to support the idea of evolution and his process of natural selection. He begins with the following evidence use in the Origin of Species; artificial selection, biogeography, fossils and homologies.

Paul Andersen explains how life has evolved and continues to evolve today. A brief discussion of artificial, natural and sexual selection is included. The beak of the finch is used to explain how directional selection is achieved.

Paul Andersen describes how cell communication is used in both single-celled and multicellular organisms. He starts by describing the symbiotic relationship between the bobtail squid and the bacteria Vibrio fisheri. He explains how bacteria use quorum sensing to communicate between each other and respond to changes in their environment.

Paul Andersen details examples of natural selection in the world. He starts by explaining how changes in global temperatures are causing plants to adapt. He explains how mutations cause changes in phenotype which give organisms varying levels of fitness.

Mr. Andersen shows you how to use the factor label method to solve complex conversions.

Paul Andersen explains how epinephrine is responsible for changes in chemistry of our body associated with the fight or flight response. Epinephrine released by the adrenal medulla are received by a number of organs associated with the sympathetic nervous system.

Paul Andersen shows you how to find stomata in a dicot and monocot leaf using finger nail polish and transparent tape. A microscope is required to actually see the stomata.

Paul Andersen explains how various techniques have been used for years to collect seafood. Commercial fishing has led to overfishing in certain areas and species due to the tragedy of the commons. An explanation of aquaculture and sustainable fish yield is also included.

Paul Andersen explains hot the force-time graph can be used to determine the impulse of an object. Since the impulse and the change in momentum are equivalent the graph can also be used to determine the change in momentum (and velocity) of an object.

Forces are pushes or pulls on an object. Forces can be determined by measuring the motion of an object. If an object accelerates then a force is present.

Paul Andersen explains how forests and rangelands are managed to provide renewable lumber and cattle. Threats to renewability of forests include old-growth logging, forest fires, and tree plantations. Threats to renewable rangeland include overgrazing, deforestation, and desertification.

Paul Andersen explains how fossil fuels are formed when organic material is heating and squeezed in an anaerobic environment. Formation, extraction, advantages, and disadvantages are discussed for coal, petroleum and natural gas.