Davis's Drug Guide For Nurses® - 17th Ed. (2021)

To access this resource you will need to use your STAT!Ref User ID and Password.  If you need a STAT!Ref User ID and Password speak with your administrator. DAVIS'S DRUG GUIDE FOR NURSES® - 17th Ed. (2021) Front Matter Title Page Davis's DRUG GUIDE FOR NURSES® SEVENTEENTH EDITION APRIL HAZARD VALLERAND, PhD, RN, FAAN Distinguished Professor College of Nursing Alumni Endowed Professor of Nursing Wayne State University College of Nursing Detroit, Michigan CYNTHIA A. SANOSKI, BS, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS Chair, Department of Pharmacy Practice Thomas Jefferson University Jefferson School of Pharmacy Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Contributing Editor: Courtney Quiring, BSP, BCGP Lecturer College of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada [Inline Image] F.A. DAVIS COMPANY • Philadelphia Copyright Page F. A. Davis Company 1915 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 www.fadavis.com Copyright © 2021 by F. A. Davis Company Copyright © 1988, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2020 by F. A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Last digit indicates print number 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Editor-in-Chief, Nursing: Jean Rodenberger Acquisitions Editor: Megan Klim Content Project Manager: Amanda M. Minutola NOTE: As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo changes. The authors and publisher have done everything possible to make this book accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. However, the reader is advised always to check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dose and contraindications before administering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Vallerand, April Hazard, author. | Sanoski, Cynthia A., author. Title: Davis's drug guide for nurses / April Hazard Vallerand, Cynthia A. Sanoski. Other titles: Drug guide for nurses Description: Seventeenth edition. | Philadelphia, PA : F.A. Davis Company, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020000824 | ISBN 9781719640053 (hardback) | ISBN 9781719641135 (ebook) Subjects: MESH: Pharmaceutical Preparations--administration & dosage | Drug Therapy--nursing | Pharmacology, Clinical--methods | Handbook | Nurses Instruction Classification: LCC RM301.12 | NLM QV 735 | DDC 615.102/4613--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020000824 Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, of specific clients, is granted by F. A. Davis Company for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the fee of $.25 per copy is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is 978-1-7196-4005-3/20 0 (US) and 978-1-7196-4007-7/20 0 (Canadian) + $.25. Dedication and Acknowledgments DEDICATION To my son, Ben, whose sensitivity and sense of humor make even the toughest day easier. To my daughter, Katharine, whose dedication and passion in seeking her goals I admire. Watching you both grow to become wonderful young adults gives me such pride and joy. Your support of my work inspires me. Thank you for sharing so much of your lives with me. I love you. AHV To my wonderful mother, Geraldine, who has provided her continual love, support, and wisdom as I continue to pursue all of my personal and professional goals. CAS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We offer our thanks to the students and nurses who have used our book for more than 30 years. We hope our book provides you with the current knowledge of pharmacotherapeutics you need to continue to give quality care in our rapidly changing health care environment. April and Cindy Consultants Jamie Crawley, PhD, RN Assistant Professor University of Windsor Faculty of Nursing Windsor, ON, Canada Wanda Edwards, PMHCNS-BC, NP Instructor (Clinical) Wayne State University College of Nursing Detroit, MI Linda Felver, PhD, RN Associate Professor Oregon Health & Science University School of Nursing Portland, OR Althea DuBose-Hayes, RD Renal Dietitian Greenfield Health System, a division of Henry Ford Health System Southfield, MI Debbie Richmond, NP-C, ACRN Wayne State University Detroit, MI Gladdi Tomlinson, RN, MSN Professor of Nursing Harrisburg Area Community College Harrisburg, PA Past Consultants Debra Abraham, MSN, RN Lecturer University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing Philadelphia, PA Angela Ann Boggs, PharmD Clinical Pharmacist University of Maryland Baltimore Springfield Hospital Center Sykesville, MD Douglas Lee Boggs, PharmD, MS, BCPP Research Associate Maryland Psychiatric Research Center University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD Hedy Cohen, RN, BSN, MS Clinical Consulting Nurse Institute for Safe Medication Practices Huntingdon Valley, PA Jane Vincent Corbett, RN, Ed.D Professor Emerita University of San Francisco School of Nursing San Francisco, CA Deborah A. Ennis, RN, MSN, CCRN Harrisburg Area Community College Harrisburg, PA Margaret Falahee, APRN-BC Clinical Assistant Professor Wayne State University College of Nursing Detroit, MI Charlene C. Gyurko, PhD, RN, CNE Assistant Professor Purdue University, North Central School of Nursing Westville, IN Susan M. Hasenau, PhD, MSN, BSN Professor-Retired Madonna University School of Nursing Livonia, MI Emily Karwacki-Sheff, MS, CMSRN, FNP-BC Lecturer and Clinical Instructor Massachusetts General Hospital Institute of Health Professions Charlestown, MA Clinical Instructor Boston College Chestnut Hill, MA Janeen Kidd, RN, BN Instructor/School Placement Project Coordinator University of Victoria School of Nursing Victoria, BC, Canada Laura G. Leahy, MSN, PMH-CNS/FNP, BC Psychiatric Advanced Practice Nurse Clinical Associate Faculty/Lecturer University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing Philadelphia, PA Stuart Levine, PharmD Informatics Specialist Institute for Safe Medication Practices Huntingdon Valley, PA Ginette A. Pepper, PhD, RN, FAAN Helen Lowe Bamberger Colby Presidential Endowed Chair in Gerontological Nursing Associate Dean for Research & PhD Programs Salt Lake City, UT Director University of Utah Hartford Center of Geriatric Nursing Excellence Salt Lake City, UT Norma Perez, BSN, RN Nursing Faculty & Clinical Coordinator Ivy Tech Community College School of Nursing Valparaiso, IN Dorie Schwertz, PhD, RN, FAAN, FAHA Associate Professor University of Illinois-Chicago College of Nursing Department of Medical Surgical Nursing and Adjunct Professor of Pharmacology Chicago, IL Kim Subasic, MSN, RN The University of Scranton Scranton, PA Marcella Williams, RN, MS, AOCN® Adjunct Faculty Lansing Community Hospital Staff Nurse, Sparrow Health System Lansing, MI F. A. Davis Pharmacologic Publications Advisory Board Shamim Tejani, PharmD, CPHQ Director of Quality Improvement Adelante Healthcare Phoenix, AZ Debra Abraham, MSN, RN Lecturer University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing Philadelphia, PA Angela Ann Boggs, PharmD Clinical Pharmacist University of Maryland Baltimore Springfield Hospital Center Sykesville, MD Douglas Lee Boggs, PharmD, MS, BCPP Research Associate Maryland Psychiatric Research Center University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD Hedy Cohen, RN, BSN, MS Clinical Consulting Nurse Institute for Safe Medication Practices Huntingdon Valley, PA Jane Vincent Corbett, RN, Ed.D Professor Emerita University of San Francisco School of Nursing San Francisco, CA Margaret Falahee, APRN-BC Clinical Assistant Professor Wayne State University College of Nursing Detroit, MI Susan M. Hasenau, PhD, MSN, BSN Professor Madonna University School of Nursing Livonia, MI Emily Karwacki-Sheff, MS, CMSRN, FNP-BC Lecturer and Clinical Instructor Massachusetts General Hospital Institute of Health Professions Charlestown, MA Clinical Instructor Boston College Chestnut Hill, MA Laura G. Leahy, MSN, PMH-CNS/FNP, BC Psychiatric Advanced Practice Nurse Clinical Associate Faculty/Lecturer University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing Philadelphia, PA Stuart Levine, PharmD Informatics Specialist Institute for Safe Medication Practices Huntingdon Valley, PA Ginette A. Pepper, PhD, RN, FAAN Helen Lowe Bamberger Colby Presidential Endowed Chair in Gerontological Nursing Associate Dean for Research & PhD Programs Salt Lake City, UT Director University of Utah Hartford Center of Geriatric Nursing Excellence Salt Lake City, UT Rosemary C. Polomano, PhD, RN, FAAN Associate Professor of Pain Practice University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing Philadelphia, PA Debbie Richmond, NP-C, ACRN Wayne State University Detroit, MI Dorie Schwertz, PhD, RN, FAAN, FAHA Associate Professor University of Illinois-Chicago College of Nursing Department of Medical Surgical Nursing and Adjunct Professor of Pharmacology Chicago, IL F.A. Davis Canadian Advisory Board Anan Ahmed, BSP Pharmacist, Shopper's Drug Market MSC Candidate, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Andrea M. Brandt, BScN, MS Pharmacology Instructor, Lead Faculty, Nursing Georgian College Barrie, Ontario Melanie Deveau, MN-ANP, RN, NP Nurse Practitioner, Cardiovascular Program Adjunct Lecturer Dalhousie University - Yarmouth Site Yarmouth, Nova Scotia Lisa Keeping-Burke, RN, PhD. (McGill) Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, UNB Adjunct Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, Queen's University Saint John, New Brunswick Duncan (Stewart) MacLennan, MN, NP Faculty Lecturer, Faculty of Nursing University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta Kerry Mansell, BSP, PharmD Assistant Dean and Associate Professor of Pharmacy University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Craig Miller, Instructor - PN Assiniboine Community College Brandon, Manitoba Wendy Neander, PhD (c), MN, BScN, BScv Assistant Teaching Professor, School of Nursing University of Victoria Nanaimo, British Columbia Aroha Page, RN, BA, BScN, Grad.Dip Health Sci, M.Phil(N), PhD(UCSF)FRCNA Associate Professor, School of Nursing Nipissing University Faculty of Applied & Professional Studies North Bay, Ontario Vincent Salyers, Ed. D, MSN, BA Associate Dean, Faculty of Health & Community Studies Mount Royal University Calgary, Alberta Michael Scarcello, RN, HBScN, MA Clinical Nurse Specialist Program Coordinator, Practical Nursing Program Confederation College Thunder Bay, Ontario Jeff Taylor, BSP, MSc, PhD Professor of Pharmacy University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Jim Wohlgemuth, RN, MN, CTN-B Instructor, Nursing Education & Health Studies Grande Prairie Regional College Grande Prairie, Alberta Canadian Reviewers Anan Ahmed, BSP, MSc, CDE Pharmacist University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Duncan (Stewart) MacLennan, MN, PhD(c), NP Assistant Teaching Professor and Nurse Practitioner University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta Kerry Mansell, BSP, PharmD, BA, MBA Professor of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Wendy Neander, PhD (c), MN, BScN, BScv Assistant Teaching Professor School of Nursing University of Victoria Nanaimo, British Columbia Jim Wohlgemuth, RN, MN, CTN-B Instructor, Nursing Education & Health Studies Grande Prairie Regional College Grande Prairie, Alberta Contents How To Use Davis's Drug Guide for Nurses… 1 Evidence-based Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics: Implications for Nurses… 6 Pharmacogenomics… 9 Medication Errors: Improving Practices and Patient Safety… 12 Detecting and Managing Adverse Drug Reactions… 18 Overview of Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Systems (REMS)… 22 Special Dosing Considerations… 23 The Pediatric Patient… 23 The Older Adult Patient… 23 The Patient of Reproductive Age… 24 Renal Impairment… 24 Hepatic Impairment… 24 Heart Failure… 24 Body Size… 24 Drug Interactions… 25 The Cytochrome P450 System: What Is It and Why Should I Care?… 26 Educating Patients About Safe Medication Use… 29 Classifications… 31 Anti-alzheimer's Agents… 31 Antianemics… 32 Antianginals… 33 Antianxiety Agents… 34 Antiarrhythmics… 35 Antiasthmatics… 36 Anticholinergics… 37 Anticoagulants… 39 Anticonvulsants… 40 Antidepressants… 41 Antidiabetics… 43 Antidiarrheals… 45 Antiemetics… 46 Antifungals… 47 Antihistamines… 48 Antihypertensives… 50 Anti-infectives… 51 Antineoplastics… 53 Antiparkinson Agents… 55 Antiplatelet Agents… 56 Antipsychotics… 57 Antipyretics… 59 Antiretrovirals… 60 Antirheumatics… 61 Antituberculars… 62 Antiulcer Agents… 63 Antivirals… 65 Beta Blockers… 66 Bone Resorption Inhibitors … 68 Bronchodilators… 69 Calcium Channel Blockers … 70 Central Nervous System Stimulants … 72 Corticosteroids… 73 Diuretics… 75 Hormones… 77 Immunosuppressants… 78 Laxatives… 79 Lipid-lowering Agents… 80 Minerals/Electrolytes/Ph Modifiers… 81 Natural/Herbal Products… 82 Nonopioid Analgesics… 82 Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents … 84 Opioid Analgesics… 85 Sedative/Hypnotics… 87 Skeletal Muscle Relaxants … 88 Thrombolytics… 89 Vaccines/Immunizing Agents … 91 Vascular Headache Suppressants … 92 Vitamins… 93 Weight Control Agents… 94 Drug Monographs In Alphabetical Order By Generic Name… 95-1298 Drugs Approved In Canada Natural/Herbal Products Medication Safety Tools… 1349 Appendices… 1367 Appendix A. Recent Drug Approvals… 1369 Appendix B. Combination Drugs… 1379 Appendix C. Ophthalmic Medications… 1398 Appendix D. Medication Administration Techniques… 1406 Appendix E. Administering Medications To Children… 1409 Appendix F. Formulas Helpful For Calculating Doses… 1410 Appendix G. Pediatric Dosage Calculations… 1412 Appendix H. Normal Values of Common Laboratory Tests… 1413 Appendix I. Controlled Substance Schedules… 1415 Appendix J. Equianalgesic Dosing Guidelines… 1418 Appendix K. Food Sources For Specific Nutrients… 1421 Appendix L. Insulins and Insulin Therapy… 1423 Appendix M. Differences In U.S. and Candian Pharmaceutical Practices… 1425 Appendix N. Routine Pediatric and Adult Immunizations… 1427 Bibliography… 1434 Comprehensive Generic/Trade/Classifications Index How To Use Davis's Drug Guide for Nurses Davis's Drug Guide for Nurses provides comprehensive, up-to-date drug information in well-organized, nursing-focused monographs. It also includes extensive supplemental material in 14 appendices, thoroughly addresses the issue of safe medication administration, and educates the reader about 50 different therapeutic classes of drugs. In this 17th edition, we have continued the tradition of focusing on safe medication administration by including Medication Safety Tools and even more information about health care's most vulnerable patients: children, the elderly, pregnant women, and breast feeding mothers. Look for more Pedi, Geri, OB, and Lactation headings throughout the monographs. We have also included a BEERS label at the top of applicable drug monographs for those medications listed in the Beers Criteria developed by the American Geriatrics Society. These medications are considered to be potentially inappropriate for use in older adults because they are associated with more risk than benefit in this patient population. In addition, we've included information relevant to Canadian students and nurses. You'll find an appendix comparing Canadian and U.S. pharmaceutical practices, more Canada-only combination drugs in the Combination Drugs appendix, and additional Canadian brand names in the drug monographs. To help you find this information quickly, we've also added a maple leaf icon ([Inline Image]) in the index next to each Canadian entry. We have added pharmacogenomic information throughout numerous monographs to guide the nurse in selecting and monitoring various drug therapies. To help you find this information quickly, we've added a double helix icon ([Inline Image]) to denote this information as it applies to specific drugs. Use this book to enhance your competence in implementing and evaluating medication therapies. The following sections describe the organization of Davis's Drug Guide for Nurses and explain how to quickly find the information you need.

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